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''Turbinellus floccosus'', sometimes known as the shaggy-, scaly-, or woolly chanterelle or woolly gomphus, is a cantharelloid mushroom. It was known until 2011 as ''Gomphus floccosus'', when the genus ''Gomphus'' was determined to be polyphyletic, and hence it was only distantly related to the type species ''G. clavatus''. It forms ectomycorrhizal relationships with various types of conifer; fruit bodies may be found in coniferous woodlands across Eastern Asia, from Korea to Pakistan, and in North America, more frequently in the west, in late summer and autumn. The orange-capped vase- or trumpet-shaped fruiting structures may reach 20 cm (8 in) high and 15 cm (6 in) wide; though mild tasting, they cause gastrointestinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea when consumed. ==Taxonomy== This species was first described in 1832 by American mycologist Lewis David de Schweinitz as ''Cantherellus floccosus''. It was made the type species of the new genus ''Turbinellus'' in 1909 by Franklin Sumner Earle, who remarked "They constitute a striking and well-marked genus which seems to have more in common with the club-shaped species of ''Craterellus'' than with the following genus where they have always been placed."〔 However this was not widely taken up. Earle's new combination was not published validly according to nomenclatural rules.〔 In 1945 it was transferred to ''Gomphus'' by Rolf Singer.〔 Its specific epithet is derived from the Latin ''floccus'' 'flock of wool'.〔 The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek 'γομφος' ''gomphos'' meaning 'plug' or 'large wedge-shaped nail'.〔 Alex H. Smith treated the members of ''Gomphus'' as two sections—''Gomphus'' and ''Excavatus''—within ''Cantharellus'' in his 1947 review of chanterelles in western North America, as he felt there were no consistent characteristics that distinguished the genera. The shaggy chanterelle was placed in the latter section due to its scaly cap, lack of clamp connections and rusty spores.〔 Roger Heim classified it in the genus ''Nevrophyllum'', before E. J. H. Corner returned it to ''Gomphus'' in 1966.〔 The genus ''Gomphus'', along with several others in the Gomphaceae, was reorganized in the 2010s after molecular analysis confirmed that the older morphology-based classification did not accurately represent phylogenetic relationships.〔〔〔 Thus the genus ''Turbinellus'' was resurrected and the taxon became ''Turbinellus floccosus''.〔 One common name it has is scaly chanterelle, though it is more closely related to stinkhorns than true chanterelles.〔 In Nepal in the Sherpa language it is known as ''diyo chyau'' or ''khumbhe chyau'', from the words ''diyo'' "oil lamp" and ''chyau'' "mushroom", as the fruit bodies have a shape similar to the local oil lamps.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Turbinellus floccosus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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